土木工程是一門(mén)專(zhuān)業(yè)的工程學(xué)科，涉及物理和自然環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)、施工和維護(hù)，包括公共工程，如道路、橋梁、運(yùn)河、大壩、機(jī)場(chǎng)、污水系統(tǒng)、管道、建筑物的結(jié)構(gòu)部件和鐵路。土木工程傳統(tǒng)上分為若干子學(xué)科。它被認(rèn)為是繼軍事工程之后第二古老的工程學(xué)科，其定義是區(qū)分非軍事工程和軍事工程。土木工程發(fā)生在從市政到國(guó)家政府的公共部門(mén)，以及從個(gè)人業(yè)主到國(guó)際公司的私營(yíng)部門(mén)。

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.